ᮛᮏ ᮏᮝ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮃᮛᮘ᮪-ᮃᮛᮘᮔ᮪, ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ ᮃ ᮓᮤᮌᮔ᮪ᮒᮤ ᮇ
ᮔᮀ ᮏᮙᮔ᮪ ᮌᮨᮙᮤᮚᮦᮔ᮪, ᮔᮜᮤᮊ ᮒᮔᮂ ᮏᮝ ᮆᮞᮤᮂ ᮊᮘᮌᮤ ᮓᮓᮤ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪-ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪ ᮌᮨᮓᮦ, ᮃᮔ ᮞᮝᮤᮏᮤᮔᮤᮀ ᮛᮏ ᮞᮨᮊᮀ ᮊᮨᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔᮔ᮪ ᮙᮒᮛᮙ᮪ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮛᮨᮕ᮪ ᮓᮤᮃᮛᮔᮤ ᮛᮏ ᮏᮝ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮃᮛᮘ᮪-ᮃᮛᮘᮔ᮪. ᮏᮨᮔᮨᮍᮦ ᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔ᮪ ᮃᮌᮥᮀ. ᮎᮢᮤᮒᮔᮦ ᮑᮨᮘᮁ ᮞᮨᮊᮀ ᮎᮀᮊᮢᮤᮙᮔ᮪ ᮍᮔ᮪ᮒᮤ ᮓᮧᮍᮦᮀ ᮛᮊᮡᮒ᮪, ᮍᮧᮙᮧᮀᮔ ᮘᮘ᮪ ᮎᮛᮔᮦ ᮓᮦᮝᮦᮊᮦ ᮞᮨᮔᮨᮀ ᮘᮍᮨᮒ᮪ ᮊᮛᮧ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮜᮌᮥ ᮘᮞ ᮃᮛᮘ᮪ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮛᮨᮕ᮪ ᮓᮤᮅᮎᮕ᮪ᮔ ᮕᮛ ᮅᮜᮙ ᮔᮀ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪.
ᮛᮏ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮞᮨᮔᮨᮀ ᮍᮢᮥᮍᮧᮊ᮪ᮔ ᮝᮧᮀ ᮙᮎ ᮊᮤᮒᮘ᮪, ᮯᮧᮜᮝᮒ᮪, ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮃᮚᮒ᮪-ᮃᮚᮒ᮪ ᮞᮥᮎᮤ. ᮞᮘᮨᮔ᮪ ᮊᮢᮥᮍᮥ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ ᮗᮧᮊᮜ᮪ ᮊᮀ ᮙᮨᮓᮧᮊ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮜᮨᮒ᮪, ᮓᮦᮝᮦᮊᮦ ᮛᮥᮙᮀᮞ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛᮔᮦ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮙᮛᮨᮙ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮝᮤᮘᮝ. ᮞᮨᮊᮀ ᮍᮧᮔᮧ, ᮙᮤᮒᮥᮛᮥᮒ᮪ ᮎᮢᮤᮒ ᮒᮥᮛᮥᮔ᮪-ᮒᮨᮙᮥᮛᮥᮔ᮪, ᮓᮦᮝᮦᮊᮦ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮁ ᮞᮨᮔᮨᮀ ᮚᮦᮔ᮪ ᮒᮨᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮀ ᮏᮝ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮕᮥᮀᮊᮞᮔᮦ “ᮃ” ᮓᮤᮅᮎᮕ᮪ᮔ ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮇ”. ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮃᮕ” ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮇᮕᮧ”, “ᮞᮕ” ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮞᮧᮕᮧ”.
ᮝᮧᮀ-ᮝᮧᮀ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮕᮦᮍᮤᮔ᮪ ᮔ᮪ᮓᮦᮛᮦᮊ᮪ ᮊᮨᮁᮞ ᮓᮜᮨᮙ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮁ ᮙᮦᮜᮥ-ᮙᮦᮜᮥ ᮍᮥᮎᮕ᮪ ᮊᮚ ᮍᮧᮔᮧ. ᮘᮞ ᮊᮢᮙ ᮔᮀ ᮕᮨᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪ ᮃᮜᮧᮔ᮪-ᮃᮜᮧᮔ᮪ ᮇᮝᮂ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛᮔᮦ. ᮞᮤᮀ ᮌᮨᮙᮤᮚᮦᮔ᮪ ᮙᮥᮔᮤ ᮎᮨᮒ᮪ᮠ “ᮃ”, ᮓᮓᮤ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮜᮨᮒ᮪ “ᮇ”. ᮝᮧᮀ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮇᮛ ᮍᮥᮎᮕ᮪ ᮊᮚ ᮍᮧᮔᮧ ᮓᮤᮃᮀᮌᮨᮕ᮪ ᮓᮥᮛᮥᮀ ᮃᮜᮥᮞ᮪ ᮘᮞᮔᮦ, ᮓᮥᮛᮥᮀ ᮙᮔᮥᮒ᮪ ᮕᮊᮨᮙ᮪ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪.
ᮞᮨᮊᮀ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪, ᮇᮝᮂ-ᮇᮝᮠᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮁ ᮑᮨᮘᮁ ᮙᮨᮑᮀ ᮊᮥᮒ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮓᮨᮞ-ᮓᮨᮞ ᮔᮀ ᮒᮣᮒᮂ ᮙᮒᮛᮙᮔ᮪. ᮕᮛ ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮓᮜᮨᮙ᮪, ᮕᮢᮏᮥᮛᮤᮒ᮪, ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮕᮨᮓᮌᮀ ᮍ᮪ᮌᮝ ᮎᮛ ᮍᮧᮙᮧᮀ ᮃᮑᮁ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮙᮨᮑᮀ ᮕᮀᮌᮧᮔᮔᮦ ᮓᮦᮝᮦᮊ᮪-ᮓᮦᮝᮦᮊ᮪. ᮞᮥᮝᮦ-ᮞᮥᮝᮦ, ᮝᮧᮀ-ᮝᮧᮀ ᮍᮀᮌᮨᮕ᮪ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮓᮓᮤ ᮘᮞ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮕᮢᮤᮚᮚᮤ.
ᮔᮍᮤᮀ ᮇᮛ ᮊᮘᮦᮂ ᮝᮧᮀ ᮏᮝ ᮔᮙ᮪ᮕ ᮇᮝᮂ-ᮇᮝᮠᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮍᮔ᮪ᮒ᮪ᮠᮤ ᮌᮙ᮪ᮕᮀ. ᮔᮀ ᮒᮣᮒᮂ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ ᮊᮚ ᮘᮑᮥᮙᮞ᮪, ᮝᮧᮀ-ᮝᮧᮀ ᮒᮨᮒᮨᮕ᮪ ᮍᮀᮌᮧ ᮜᮧᮌᮒ᮪ ᮍᮕᮊ᮪, ᮗᮧᮊᮜᮦ ᮒᮨᮒᮨᮕ᮪ “ᮃ” ᮎᮨᮒ᮪ᮠ. “ᮃᮕ” ᮚ ᮒᮨᮒᮨᮕ᮪ “ᮃᮕ”, ᮇᮛ ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮇᮕᮧ”. ᮝᮧᮀ ᮘᮑᮥᮙᮞᮔ᮪ ᮛᮥᮙᮀᮞ ᮚᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ ᮃᮞᮣᮤ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮏᮥᮏᮥᮁ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮝᮤᮂ ᮎᮨᮓᮊ᮪ ᮊᮛᮧ ᮃᮒᮤ.
ᮎᮢᮤᮒ ᮘᮘ᮪ ᮛᮏ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮃᮛᮘ᮪-ᮃᮛᮘᮔ᮪ ᮊᮤᮚᮦ ᮓᮓᮤ ᮛᮨᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮌᮔ᮪ ᮍᮔ᮪ᮒᮤ ᮞᮤᮊᮤ. ᮃᮔ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮕᮨᮁᮎᮚ ᮚᮦᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮃᮙᮁᮌ ᮕᮨᮍᮛᮥᮂ ᮃᮌᮙ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮊᮌᮥᮙ᮪ ᮙᮛᮀ ᮘᮥᮓᮚ ᮃᮛᮘ᮪. ᮃᮔ ᮅᮌ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮚᮦᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮝᮨ ᮙᮥᮀ ᮕᮨᮁᮊᮨᮙ᮪ᮘᮍᮔ᮪ ᮃᮜᮙᮤᮃᮂ ᮘᮞ ᮏᮝ ᮞᮤᮀ ᮊᮨᮘᮨᮔᮨᮛᮔ᮪ ᮊᮨᮜᮊᮧᮔ᮪ ᮔᮀ ᮏᮙᮔ᮪ ᮕᮙᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮠᮔᮦ ᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔ᮪ ᮃᮌᮥᮀ.
ᮔᮍᮤᮀ ᮃᮕ ᮘᮆ ᮞᮨᮘᮘᮦ, ᮎᮢᮤᮒ ᮊᮤᮚᮦ ᮔᮥᮓᮥᮂᮔ ᮚᮦᮔ᮪ ᮘᮞ ᮊᮥᮝᮦ ᮅᮛᮤᮕ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮇᮝᮂ ᮙᮔᮥᮒ᮪ ᮏᮙᮔ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮝᮞ. ᮞᮨᮊᮀ ᮊᮢᮒᮧᮔ᮪ ᮍᮔ᮪ᮒᮤ ᮒᮨᮊᮔ᮪ ᮓᮦᮞ, ᮞᮨᮊᮀ “ᮃᮕ” ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮇᮕᮧ”, ᮊᮘᮦᮂ ᮓᮓᮤ ᮘᮌᮦᮃᮔ᮪ ᮞᮨᮊᮀ ᮜᮨᮜᮊᮧᮔ᮪ ᮓᮝ ᮘᮞ ᮏᮝ. ᮜᮔ᮪ ᮔᮀ ᮒᮨᮍᮂ-ᮒᮨᮍᮠᮦ, ᮝᮧᮀ ᮘᮑᮥᮙᮞᮔ᮪ ᮒᮨᮒᮨᮕ᮪ ᮍᮓᮨᮌ᮪ ᮊᮛᮧ ᮜᮧᮌᮒᮦ ᮓᮦᮝᮦᮊ᮪, ᮍᮕᮊ᮪ ᮃᮕ ᮃᮔᮔᮦ, ᮇᮛ ᮙᮦᮜᮥ-ᮙᮦᮜᮥ ᮓᮓᮤ “ᮍᮧᮕᮧ”.
Raja Jawa Sing Kearab-araban, Swara A Diganti O
Nang jaman gemiyen, nalika tanah Jawa esih kabagi dadi kraton-kraton gedhé, ana sawijining raja sekang Kesultanan Mataram sing kerep diarani raja Jawa sing kearab-araban. Jenenge Sultan Agung. Critane nyebar sekang cangkriman nganti dongeng rakyat, ngomongna bab carane dheweke seneng banget karo swara lan lagu basa Arab sing kerep diucapna para ulama nang kraton.
Raja kuwe seneng ngrungokna wong maca kitab, shalawat, lan ayat-ayat suci. Saben krungu swara vokal kang medhok lan mbulet, dheweke rumangsa swarane luwih marem lan luwih wibawa. Sekang ngono, miturut crita turun-temurun, dheweke banjur seneng yen tembung Jawa sing pungkasané “a” diucapna dadi “o”. Dadi “apa” dadi “opo”, “sapa” dadi “sopo”.
Wong-wong kraton sing kepengin nderek kersa dalem banjur melu-melu ngucap kaya ngono. Basa krama nang pendhapa kraton alon-alon owah swarane. Sing gemiyen muni cetha “a”, dadi luwih mbulet “o”. Wong sing ora ngucap kaya ngono dianggep durung alus basane, durung manut pakem kraton.
Sekang kraton, owah-owahan kuwe banjur nyebar menyang kutha lan desa-desa nang tlatah Mataraman. Para abdi dalem, prajurit, lan pedagang nggawa cara ngomong anyar kuwe menyang panggonane dhewek-dhewek. Suwe-suwe, wong-wong nganggep kuwe dadi basa sing luwih resmi lan luwih priyayi.
Nanging ora kabeh wong Jawa nampa owah-owahan kuwe nganthi gampang. Nang tlatah kulon kaya Banyumas, wong-wong tetep nganggo logat ngapak, vokale tetep “a” cetha. “Apa” ya tetep “apa”, ora dadi “opo”. Wong Banyumasan rumangsa yen swara asli kuwe luwih jujur lan luwih cedhak karo ati.
Crita bab raja sing kearab-araban kiye dadi rembugan nganti siki. Ana sing percaya yen kuwe amarga pengaruh agama lan kagum marang budaya Arab. Ana uga sing kandha yen kuwi mung perkembangan alamiah basa Jawa sing kebeneran kelakon nang jaman pamarentahane Sultan Agung.
Nanging apa bae sebabé, crita kiye nuduhna yen basa kuwe urip lan bisa owah manut jaman lan kuwasa. Sekang kraton nganti tekan desa, sekang “apa” dadi “opo”, kabeh dadi bagéan sekang lelakon dawa basa Jawa. Lan nang tengah-tengahé, wong Banyumasan tetep ngadeg karo logate dhewek, ngapak apa anane, ora melu-melu dadi “ngopo”.